ARTICLE #1 © 21C IETS Co-authors: S K Morgan & H. McDonough, October 2, 2020 THE ASSESSMENT QUESTION: What are the constituent elements of and the criteria for the most effective form of assessment? Assessment is a complex process. Many decades ago, Scriven’s seminal work on evaluation made a distinction between goals and roles of evaluation and urged caution against confusing the two (Scriven, 1967). Using evaluation and assessment interchangeably, Taras built on this and also urged caution against another source of confusion – that between summative assessment (SA) and formative assessment (FA). Writes Taras (2005): “by recognising that SA